Category: Networking

  • Upgrading My PC’s Wireless Card from Intel AX210 to Intel BE200 (WiFi 7)

    Upgrading My PC’s Wireless Card from Intel AX210 to Intel BE200 (WiFi 7)

    In preparation for upcoming WiFi 7 device reviews, I have upgraded my desktop’s wireless card from the Intel AX210 WiFi 6E to the Intel BE200 WiFi 7 module. For everyday usage, the differences are modest, but this upgrade is essential for accurate testing with next-generation wireless equipment.

    Wi-Fi 6E
    Intel AX210
    Wi-Fi 7
    Intel BE200
    TX/RX Streams2×22×2
    Bands2.4, 5, 6 GHz (160MHz)2.4GHz, 5GHz and 6GHz
    Max Speed2.4 Gbps5.8 Gbps (320MHz,4096QAM)
    Real Life Speed (tested by me)2.4Gbps
    (GL-MT6000)
    2.9Gbps
    (BPI R4)
    StabilityGoodNot really

    Installation Overview

    My system is powered by the MSI MAG B460M MORTAR motherboard, which does not include an M.2 Key-E slot for wireless modules. To accommodate the BE200, I used a PCIe-to-M.2 adapter.

    The adapter is very popular on marketplaces including Amazon, eBay, AliExpress, etc.

    The installation process is straightforward:

    • Remove the adapter from the PC (make sure you disconnect the AC power before doing that)
    • Remove the Intel AX210 from the adapter.
    • Install the new BE200 module and tighten the mounting screw.
    • Carefully reconnect the antenna cables.
    • Insert the PCIe adapter into the PCIe x1 slot and secure it.
    • Connect the Bluetooth power header included on the adapter.

    With the hardware completed, the PC was ready for testing.

    Driver and System Setup

    The Intel BE200 has limited functionality on Windows 10. To ensure proper operation, I upgraded the system to Windows 11 and installed Intel’s latest wireless driver (version 23.170.0.1, released October 28, 2025).
    A quick check using netsh wlan show drivers confirmed support for 2.4GHz, 5GHz and 6GHz bands.

    Performance Testing on Windows 11

    Connected to a WiFi 7 SSID on 5GHz, the BE200 reported a link speed of up to 2882 Mbps. However, real-world throughput was lower than expected:

    • Speedtest: 595 Mbps Download / 929 Mbps Upload
    • iperf3: ~ 1Gbps

    Testing with a WiFi 6 SSID produced similar results. On the AX210, I typically achieved around 1.2 Gbps Download and 900 Mbps Upload (with the OpenWrt One WiFi 6 router), but the BE200 underperformed with only 660 Mbps Download and 883 Mbps Upload.

    Performance on Ubuntu 24

    On Ubuntu 24, the BE200 worked immediately thanks to the pre-installed driver.
    Connected to a 5GHz WiFi 7 SSID (MT7996):

    • Link Speed: 2161 Mbps (this number is not stable, sometime it is higher, sometime lower)
    • Security: WPA3
    • Signal Strength: Excellent
    • iperf3: ~1.15 Gbps upload (normal direction, 4 streams) and ~1.2 Gbps download (reversed, 4 streams)

    6GHz Capability

    Although the BE200 technically supports 6GHz, I was unable to connect to any WiFi 7 SSID operating in the 6GHz band. Interestingly, the Windows 11 did report the colocated AP on 6GHz (when I am connected to 5GHz WiFi 7 SSID of the Banana Pi R4 (MT7996).

    Conclusion

    This upgrade marks an important step toward detailed testing of WiFi 7 hardware on the channel. While the Intel BE200 shows promising link rates, actual performance still requires further investigation.

    In the next article and video, I will review the Banana Pi R4 with the MT7996 WiFi 7 module and explore its capabilities.

    Thank you for reading.

  • Setup the MediaTek mt7921k Wi-Fi 6 Wireless Adapter on Debian

    Setup the MediaTek mt7921k Wi-Fi 6 Wireless Adapter on Debian

    This guide is based on Debian Bullseye and the test is done on the ZimaBoard N3450 (x86) via the PCIe x4 to m.2/ngff adapter. However, it should work for other Debian releases. You are welcome to try and share the feedback.

    1. Update the Sources List

    You are going to install some packages that are belong to the non-free & testing repository. Before proceed with the installation, it is advised to check and update the /etc/apt/sources.list file:

    sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

    Make sure the non-free & testing repository is added to the file. If you are not sure how to modify it, you can use my example below:

    #Stable
    deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main contrib non-free
    deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main contrib non-free
    
    deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free
    deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free
    
    deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
    deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
    
    # Testing
    deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free
    deb-src http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free

    2. Driver for MT7921k

    The dirver & firmware for the Mediatek MT7921 series (MT7921 & MT7921K) are available in the firmware-misc-nonfree package. You just need to install it with apt

    sudo apt install firmware-misc-nonfree
    

    After the package is installed, you should see the driver for the mt7921k available in /lib/firmware/mediatek directory. Use this command to check

    ls /lib/firmware/mediatek

    If you can’t find these 3 files, there is something wrong with the installation, please try again. Else, it is good to proceed.

    BT_RAM_CODE_MT7961_1_2_hdr.bin
    WIFI_MT7961_patch_mcu_1_2_hdr.bin
    WIFI_RAM_CODE_MT7961_1.bin

    3. Kernel

    Debian Bullseye stable is having linux kernel 5.10.140-1. However, this kernel version is not compatible with the mt7921k driver. In order for it to work, you will need the linux-kernel 5.19.0-2-amd64. It is available in the testing repo which we already added in the beginning.

    You can install it with the below commands:

    apt-cache search linux-image
    

    A list of available linux kernel will show up. Continue to install the 5.19.0-2-amd64 kernel by:

    sudo apt install linux-image-5.19.0-2-amd64

    After that, reboot the PC

    4. Checking

    Run the lspci -v command and you should see the adapter up and running with kernel modules mt7921e

    01:00.0 Network controller: MEDIATEK Corp. Device 0608
            Subsystem: MEDIATEK Corp. Device 0608
            Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 128
            Memory at 91400000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=1M]
            Memory at 91500000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=16K]
            Memory at 91504000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=4K]
            Capabilities: <access denied>
            Kernel driver in use: mt7921e
            Kernel modules: mt7921e

    This means everything is working as expected. Now, you can establish the wireless connection with the network manager package that you are using. For this part, I won’t go too deep into it.

    Let’s have a final check before finish the post:

    nmcli device wifi list

    Here, I use the nmcli command to scan the available WiFi networks nearby. The mt7921k adapter is working great!

    Good luck!